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Showing posts from June, 2019

Choris prosopos fetalis: Faceless birth defect

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"Choris prosopos fetalis" or absent fetal face is a congenital birth defect that can be classified in the arthrogryposis multiplex congentia . This is the absence of facial bone due to failure of ossification centres, and eventual bone formation. The inability for bone formation results in the malformation of other facial organs like the mouth, nose and eyes. Choris prosopos fetalis is a very rare form of facial deformity with almost zero survival rate this is very similar to but not  Frontonasal Dysplasia , also known as Median Cleft Face Syndrome, is a condition in which the nose has a flat, wide appearance, and the eyes may be wide-set. There is a groove of varying degrees, which runs down the middle of the face across the nose. In some cases the tip of the nose is missing. A gap with extra folds of skin covering it may appear on the front of the head. Craniofacial defects are caused by the abnormal growth or development of the head and/or facial bones wh...

Counter-effect of food on drugs

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According to Dr. Mrs Adeniji, of the University college hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. The question in people's minds "why certain medications don’t work after several days of use?" Normally people who have experienced this will conclude that the drug is fake , expired or even a wrong prescription. Some will even go as far as giving fettish reasons for the situation. But do you know there are certain foods and medicines you take concomitantly that counteracts each other's mode of action in the body? Yes. Certain meals can prevent your medications from working, or worse still, cause dangerous side effects, and we have curated 6 of them here. Many people probably do not know this, so share to save a life. Vitamin C and Anti-malaria drugs This is what happens when you mix both. But first a background: All drugs are metabolized in the liver. The liver is rich in iron, and iron is important in the life cycle of malaria parasites (plasmodium). Vitam...

Ultrasound Differential Between Fetal Hydrops and Cystic Hygroma

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Fetal hydrops is a condition in fetus that shows fluid accumulation (edema) in two or more fetal compartments, fluid accumulation can be seen in: Abdominal cavity (ascites) Pericardium (pericardial effusion) Pleural cavity (pleural effusion) Generalize edema Picture shows aborted edematous fetus Fetal hydrops is not a disease but an ultrasound indicator for other intra-uterine complications. Fetal hydrops can be immune or non-immune related in fetal anemia, however non-immune hydrops can be independent of anemia in which case tumor or congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation cause increase blood flow demand. This over-bearing cardiac output leads to edema secondary to fetal heart failure. Immune fetal hydrops is seen in unmanaged Rh disease. This incident has since reduced with an improved Rh disease management. Non-immune fetal hydrops has multiple causes, click here to learn more . Fetal cystic hygroma is a congenital malformation of the ...

3D illusion and sonographic implication

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Studies have shown that the human eyes are not adapted enough to deal with 2D images. When looking at a moving 2D image the eye reconstructs a 3D based on what it sees. According to Abhishek Satheesh , it all depends on how your brain construct 3D image based on 2D clues from the image. Just try watching the video below a couple of times. You may notice that each time, the initial direction of spinning was different. Why does the eye movement from left to right gives different direction? The reason is that the video is in reality, a 2D image shifting back and forth. Our brain has not evolved to deal with 2D images, so it takes clues from the image to reconstruct a 3D model. This happens in the visual cortex, it scramble along and try to make sense of what it sees. Either direction of the rotation works, so whatever is found first, it will stick, unless you refocus and give the visual cortex a chance to come to a different conclusion. This idea came true in...